Two-Dimensional Radiographs and Cone-beam Computed Tomography Assessment of Concentrated Growth Factor and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Scaffolds in Regenerative Endodontic Treatment of Immature Incisors with Periapical Radiolucency: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

INTRODUCTION: The primary aim of this study was to compare the radiographic changes of immature incisors with periapical radiolucency after treatment with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and concentrated growth factor (CGF) platelet concentrate scaffolds as well as assessment of the clinical success rate over 12 months. The secondary aim was to monitor the radiographic changes in terms of reduction of periapical lesion diameter (PALD), root dentine thickness (RDT), root length (RL), and apical foramen width (AFW). The tertiary aim was to assess and pulp responses, after 12 months. METHODS: Fifty six children with seventy necrotic, single-rooted maxillary incisors with periapical radiolucency were treated with either CGF or PRF scaffolds (35 teeth per group). Two patients with 4 teeth (2 teeth in each group) failed to attain the follow-up recalls. Radiographic changes in terms of reduction of PALD, RDT, RL, and AFW were monitored using a 2-dimensional (2D) radiograph and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan. The clinical performance of teeth receiving both scaffolds was assessed after 6 and 12 months. Categorical and continuous data were analyzed using the chi-square test and the t test, respectively. The time and group effects on the means of different radiographic dimensions were tested using the general linear model. Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the level of agreement between the 2D radiographs and CBCT. The level of significance was defined at 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The means of PALD and RL showed significant enhancement in the CGF group compared to the PRF group (P < .05). While the difference between the 2 scaffolds in terms of RDT and AFW was not significant (P > .05). The findings of the 2D radiograph and CBCT were consistent. Clinically, both scaffold success rates were similar (93.9%) over the follow-up intervals. The influence of study independent variables had no significant effect on the success of the regenerative endodontic procedures outcome (P > .05). There was no significant difference in the positive pulp responses to the thermal and electric pulp tests after one year of treatment (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: According to the short-term follow-up, PRF and CGF were successful in treating immature teeth with periapical radiolucency by regenerative endodontics. Both scaffold systems induced periapical healing and root lengthening with significant superiority of CGF.

Cryotherapy and pain intensity during endodontic treatment of mandibular first permanent molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of cryotherapy application after inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) administration of the mandibular first permanent molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) in adolescence. The secondary outcome was to compare the need for supplemental intraligamentary injection (ILI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was designed as a randomized clinical trial including 152 participants aged from 10 to 17 years who were randomly assigned to two equal groups; cryotherapy plus IANB (intervention group) and the control group (conventional INAB). Both groups received 3.6 mL of 4% articaine. For the intervention group, ice packs were applied in the buccal vestibule of the mandibular first permanent molar for 5 min. Endodontic procedures started after 20 min for efficiently anesthetized teeth. The intraoperative pain intensity was measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS). The Mann-Whitney (U) and chi-square tests were applied to analyze data. The significance level was set to 0.05. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in the overall intraoperative VAS mean in the cryotherapy group compared to that in the control group (p = 0.004). The success rate was significantly higher in the cryotherapy group (59.2%) compared to the control group (40.8%). The frequency of extra ILI was 50% and 67.1% in the cryotherapy and control groups, respectively (p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS: The cryotherapy application boosted the efficacy of pulpal anesthesia of the mandibular first permanent molars with SIP in patients below the age of 18 years. Additional anesthesia was still necessary for optimal control over pain. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Pain control during endodontic treatment of primary molars with irreversible pulpitis (IP) is a significant factor in a child's behavior in the dental office. Although the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is the most commonly used technique to anaesthetize mandibular dentition, we found its success rate to be relatively low during endodontic treatment of primary molars with IP. Cryotherapy is a new approach that significantly improves the efficacy of IANB. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (reference no. NCT05267847).

Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Plus Cryotherapy Anesthesia Success in Pulpectomy Of Primary Molars with Irreversible Pulpitis: a Randomized Clinical Trial.

PURPOSE: The primary purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of cryotherapy applications on the success of an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) to reduce pain severity during a pulpectomy of primary molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP). The secondary purpose was to assess children's behavior before and during pulpectomy procedures and the need for supplementary local anesthesia injections. METHODS: A randomized parallel controlled trial included 170 healthy children aged five to nine years who complained of carious primary mandibular second molars with SIP. After an IANB administration, ice packs (cryotherapy group) were applied to half of the participants while the other half did not receive ice packs. During pulpectomy, pain severity was tested using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBS). A failure of anesthesia was encountered in the case of moderate or severe pain reported. Children's behavior was assessed using Frankl's Behavior Rating Scale (FBRS) before and after clinical procedures. RESULTS: The overall success of IANB with cryotherapy (i. e., no or mild pain) was 79.2 percent, which was significantly superior to the control group (50.6 percent; P=0.007). The postoperative children's positive behavior proportions in the cryotherapy group were significantly higher compared to the control group (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Cryotherapy application significantly improved inferior alveolar nerve block efficacy, diminished pain intensity, and improved children's behavior during pulpectomy of primary molars with symp- tomatic irreversible pulpitis. Based on these findings, cryotherapy application after IANB deposition is recommended.

Postoperative pain perception and associated risk factors in children after continuous rotation versus reciprocating kinematics: A randomised prospective clinical trial.

To compare the postoperative pain of continuous rotation and reciprocating movements after pulpectomy of non-vital primary molars and determine associated risk factors. 146 children aged 4-8 years with one primary molar indicated for pulpectomy were randomly assigned to two equal groups: those instrumented with continuous rotation motion (Hyflex EDM Coltene/Whaledent) and reciprocating motion (Reciproc R25 (VDW)). A 4-point pain scale was used to assess postoperative pain frequencies, which were compared at different intervals using the Chi-square test. Postoperative pain risk factors were determined using logistic regression analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between the follow-ups. Gender, pulp status, and radiographic radiolucency increased the risk of postoperative pain incidence. Postoperative pain likelihood in children with chronic apical periodontitis was 8.72 times that of children with necrotic pulps. Postoperative pain after instrumentation with both kinematics was comparable. Postoperative pain incidence is increased by preoperative pulp condition, radiographic radiolucency, and gender.

Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of primary root canals transportation and dentin loss after instrumentation with two-pediatric rotary files.

BACKGROUND: This in vitro study aims to compare rotary files (Fanta and Zuanba) with manual K files according to the amount of dentin removed and canal transportation in primary mandibular second molars by CBCT images. METHODS: This experimental study was conducted on 60 extracted human second primary molars. That were divided into three groups according to root canal preparation group "I" instrumented with manual K-files, group "II" instrumented with rotary Fanta files, and group "III" instrumented with rotary Zuanba files. After root canal preparation, teeth were scanned before and after mechanical preparation with CBCT scanner. Then the amount of dentin removed was determined at three levels, including the coronal, middle and apical levels. Data were statically analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULT: No statistically significant difference in the amount of dentin removed were noted between the manual and the rotary groups at the coronal and apical RC levels (P = 0.420) and (P = 0.819) respectively but significant difference was noted at the middle third (P = 0.043). Regarding RC transportation, no significant difference was noted among the three groups with the exception of the apical RC level (P = 0.043). CONCLUSION: Although no significant differences were noted between rotary and manual files, the rotary files showed better performance.

Picture Examination Communication System Versus Video Modelling in Improving Oral Hygiene of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare video modelling (VM) to a Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) aimed at improving the oral hygiene of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: This prospectively stratified randomized controlled trial was conducted on 50 children with mild and moderate ASD. Children were assigned into two balanced groups. The control group was educated through PECS, and the intervention group was exposed to VM. Oral hygiene was assessed using the Oral Hygiene Index-simplified (OHI-s) on four occasions (at baseline and at three, six, and 12 months). Quantitative data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and a t-test at a five percent significance level and 95 percent confidence interval (95% CI), respectively. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r) was used to correlate baseline characteristics in both groups to obtain average OHI-s scores. Results: The VM group showed a statistically significant reduction in average OHI-s scores compared to the PECS group over the follow-up period (P<0.001). At three, six, and 12 months, the OHI-s mean differences were 0.30 (95% CI equals 0.14 to 0.47), 0.58 (95% CI equals 0.39 to 0.77), and 0.57 (95% CI equals 0.30 to 0.84), respectively. For both groups, the severity of ASD was moderately associated with OHI-s scores at 12 months. Conclusion: Video modelling showed superior results in improving the oral hygiene of children with autism spectrum disorder compared to the Picture Exchange Communication System.

Clinical Evaluation of CAD/CAM Ceramic Endocrown Versus Prefabricated Zirconia Crown in the Restoration of Pulpotomized Primary Molars: A Two-Year Spilt-Mouth Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVES: The current trial aimed to compare lithium disilicate (LS2) endocrowns' clinical performance, gingival health, and parental satisfaction to those of prefabricated zirconia crowns (ZCs) over a 24-month of follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study designed as a spilt-mouth randomized controlled trial. A total of 88 pulpotomized mandibular second primary molars of 44 children were assigned into two equal groups. Forty-four molars were restored with prefabricated primary ZCs (control group) and the same number were restored with LS2 endocrown (intervention group). Clinical performance and gingival status were evaluated using a modified United States Public Health Service criterion, and plaque and gingival indices. Parental satisfaction was assessed using a 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Paired data were analyzed using McNemar's test, a statistical test used on paired nominal data, and paired t-tests. The significance level was set to 5% at 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Both restorations showed comparable gingival health status over the follow-ups. Marginal adaptation of the endocrowns and ZCs at the end of follow-up was 95.5 and 90.9%, respectively (p = 0.68). For marginal integrity and discoloration, both restorations showed similar results at the follow-ups. The overall parental satisfaction of both groups was statistically insignificant (p = 0.07). However, parents were more satisfied with the endocrown color over that of the ZC (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Endocrowns' clinical performance and gingival health were comparable to those of ZCs. For both restorations, parental satisfaction was nearly similar except for the color that showed an advantage in favor of the endocrowns.

COVID-19 awareness among a group of Egyptians and their perception toward the role of dentists in its prevention: a pilot cross-sectional survey.

AIM: The main purpose of the study is to assess the awareness of a group of Egyptians about COVID-19 infection and their perception of the role of dentists in its prevention. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: An observational cross-sectional survey included 74 participants who attended Minia University Dental Hospital, Minia City, Egypt, from 10 March to 2 April 2020. A face-to-face interview using an anonymous questionnaire was carried out in this study. The questionnaire contained 20 questions divided into three parts; the first part included the participants' baseline characteristics. The second part analyzed the participants' awareness of COVID-19 infection through ten questions. Finally, four questions outlined participants' perception of the role of dentists in preventing the spread of COVID-19. RESULTS: Overall participant awareness was adequate at 55.4%. The percentages of "good" and "poor" overall awareness scores were 40.5% and 4.1%, respectively. Most respondents' perception of dentists' role in COVID-19 prevention was poor. All baseline characteristics showed no statistically significant difference related to the participants' awareness about COVID-19 infection and its spread (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: From the findings of the present pilot study, it can be concluded that the general population's awareness of COVID-19 infection and its route of transmission was adequate. Participants' understanding of the role of dentists in COVID-19 prevention was poor.

Postoperative pain after primary molar pulpectomy using rotary or reciprocating single files: A superior, parallel, randomized clinical trial.

AIM: To compare postoperative pain intensity between two single-file systems with different kinetics (the OneShape file with continuous rotation vs. the WaveOne Gold file with reciprocation movement) after primary molar pulpectomy. DESIGN: This superiority, parallel, randomized clinical trial included 164 healthy children aged 6 to 8 years with asymptomatic, necrotic, maxillary primary second molars due to caries. An equal number of children were assigned to the two groups. The teeth of children in Group 1 were instrumented with the OneShape rotary system (Micro-Mega), whereas teeth of children in Group 2 were instrumented with the WaveOne Gold reciprocating system (Dentsply Maillefer). Postoperative pain intensity was assessed using a 4-point pain scale at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h and 1 week after treatment. The parent of each participant received 6 flashcards that included four faces and a word describing each face. A chi-square test was used to compare postoperative pain intensity. The level of significance was set to 5%. RESULTS: Over the follow-up period, no significant difference in postoperative pain intensity was found between the two groups (p > .05). Although the absolute risk reduction maximum limit of 95% CI equal or exceeded the predetermined proportional difference of 0.15, pain intensity was inconclusive at 6, 24, and 48 hours denoting that the superiority of the OneShape single-file over the WaveOne Gold single-file could not be declared. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative pain intensity associated with a rotary vs. reciprocating file system was nearly similar.

Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) of preschool children's anterior teeth restored with zirconia crowns versus resin-bonded composite strip crowns: a 12-month prospective clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: To compare oral health-related quality of Life (OHRQOL) of preschool children's anterior teeth restored with prefabricated zirconia crowns (ZC) versus resin-bonded composite strip crown (RCSC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective clinical trial included 136 children with early childhood caries aged 36-71 months who were assigned into prefabricated ZC and RCSC groups. A total of 344 teeth were restored either with 170 ZCs (49.4%) and 174 RCSCs (50.6%). Wilson and Cleary's conceptual model was to associate the study predictors to the OHRQOL. Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) was used to assess the OHRQOL at 6 and 12 months. Mann-Whitney U test was used in comparing OHRQOL mean scores in the two groups and Wilcoxon signed-rank test with the effect size (r) to measure the intragroup OHRQOL change. A Poisson regression model was used to study potential risk factors associated with the overall OHRQOL. RESULTS: After 12 months, the USPHS parameters of the ZC were significantly superior compared to the RCSC. Overall ECOHIS mean scores in the ZC group were significantly lower than that of the RCSC group at T1 and T2 (p < 0.001). Remarkable enhancement of the OHRQOL at the follow-ups with a large effect size (r < 0.8) was observed. Restoration type, retention, baseline OHRQOL, and color had a significant impact on the overall OHRQOL at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Preschool children OHRQOL treated with ZC were significantly better than those who received RCSC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: One of the optimum treatment standards in pediatric dentistry is the esthetic demand which has significance on the child's OHRQOL and subsequently child's general health quality of life. It is beneficial to the dentist to identify the influence of esthetic restorations on the OHRQOL of preschool children which aids in future decision-making. The longitudinal nature of the study enables the dentist to identify the changes of children's OHRQOL.

Premixed bioceramics versus mineral trioxide aggregate in furcal perforation repair of primary molars: in vitro and in vivo study.

OBJECTIVES: The current study was carried out to (1) evaluate premixed bioceramic (BC) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) sealing properties in a laboratory and (2) compare the performance of these two materials in repairing an immediate iatrogenic furcal perforation of primary molars both clinically and radiographically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro sections including eighty mandibular second primary molars were sorted into 4 equal groups: (1) an intact furcation area group, (2) an artificial perforation group (unrepaired), (3) an artificial perforation group repaired with MTA, and (4) an artificial perforation group repaired with premixed BC. The dye extraction method was used to assess the sealing ability of the material. Clinically, the study was designed as an equivalent parallel randomized controlled trial. Seventy-six mandibular second primary molars with immediate furcal perforation were sealed with MTA and premixed BC. Teeth were evaluated clinically and radiographically at 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: Although the difference was statistically insignificant (p = 0.058), the premixed BC group had better sealing ability than the MTA group [mean difference = 0.020; 95% CI (-0.001, 0.040)]. Clinically and radiographically, the two materials had an equivalent success rate in the first 3 months [ARR = 0.05; 95% CI (-0.07, 0.17)] but inequivalent success rates at 6 and 12 months with premixed BC performing better than MTA. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings confirm that premixed BC is a promising material that can be used to repair a furcal perforation of primary molars. Premixed BC has better sealing properties and better performance at the clinical and radiographic levels than MTA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: (1) Accidental furcal perforation in primary molars is one of the worst problems that results in diminishing the lifetime expectancy of primary teeth if not properly treated. Though new BC repair materials have been introduced to enhance healing and tissue inductive properties, there is an obvious shortage in clinical trials covering this area. The present study is a premier study that assesses a recently introduced premixed BC material in the furcal perforation of primary teeth and compares its outcomes with those of the widely used MTA. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov PRS reference #NCT04137861.

Oral health status and impact on the oral health-related quality of life of Egyptian children and early adolescents with type-1 diabetes: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study is to (1) evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among a group of Egyptian children and early adolescents with type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) aged from 8 to 14 years and the impact of individual, environmental, oral health care and biological independent predictors (2) assess oral health status (OHS) in terms of oral hygiene, caries experience, untreated carious cavities and gingival condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control investigation conducted on eligible 444 participants who have been assigned into four groups (two case groups included 125 children and 97 early adolescents with T1DM and two matched control groups). The OHRQoL was measured using a validated structured CPQ8-10 for children and CPQ11-14 short-form questionnaires for early adolescents. The questionnaire comprised of four parts that represented the study independent variables. Descriptive data were analysed using Mann-Whitney U test for the non-parametric data. Pearson's correlations have been calculated to inspect the interrelation between metabolic disease control and study of different OHS representatives. Log-linear Poisson model regression analyses performed to determine associations between the OHRQoL and independent predictors. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental caries (DT ≥ 1) in children with diabetes was 49.6% (75.3%). The worse GI mean and median scores were recorded among early adolescents with T1DM [mean (SD) = 2.24 ± 0.61; median (IQR) = 2.3(1)]. The social well-being of CPQ domains was a prominent concern that negatively affected children and early adolescents' life aspects. A strong correlation between OHRQoL and the level of HbA1c in the two diabetic groups (r = 0.69 for children's group and 0.74 for the early adolescent group) was observed. The final model of log-linear Poisson regression analysis demonstrated that the odds ratio (OR) of poor OHRQoL among children and early adolescents with poor metabolic control was 1.30 [95% CI 1.18-1.47] and 1.22 [95% CI 1.11-1.38] times more than those with good metabolic control do. CONCLUSIONS: The overall self-reported OHRQL appears to be adversely affected by T1DM especially among children and early adolescents with poor metabolic control. Socioeconomic status and oral health care demonstrate a significant impact on the OHRQoL; however, the effect was obvious in the diabetic and non-diabetic groups. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: 1. In Egypt, the number of new cases rises progressively in a retrospective survey to figure out the prevalence of T1DM among children and adolescents. The available data is limited regarding the incidence and prevalence of dental caries and gingival condition among Egyptian children and early adolescents. 2. The present study is a premier study that assesses the OHRQoL and studies the impact of the individual, environmental, biological and oral health care variables. 3. This study highlights the urgent need for improving the oral health status of diabetic children and adolescents and the necessity for qualified oral health education programs for children and parents. There is an intense need to reinforce the role of preventive oral hygiene measures.

Untreated dental caries prevalence and impact on the quality of life among 11 to14-year-old Egyptian schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess caries prevalence and experience among 11 to 14 years, school children, analyze demographic, socioeconomic, personal and professional dental care in relation to untreated carious lesions, and evaluates the effect of decayed teeth on early adolescents' oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical investigation was conducted on 1020 preparatory schoolchildren selected on the basis of a multistage sampling technique. Caries status of the participants detected via recording their caries experience and untreated cavities using DMFT and DT indices. OHRQoL was determined using a validated Arabic CPQ11-14 short-form questionnaire. Statistical methods for descriptive analysis, chi-square test, Independent-Samples t test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. Multivariate Poisson regression analysis through a hierarchical approach was used to detect the influence of independent variables on DT scores. To declare the association between independent variables and QoL, a step-by-step, multivariate regression analysis was conducted. RESULTS: The average scores of DMFT and DT in this study were 2.97 ± 1.29 and 1.66 ± 1.24. Poisson regression analysis demonstrated that early adolescents whom their mothers with a lower level of education and of low socioeconomic status were 1.41 and 1.27 times respectively had higher DT scores when compared with their peers. Untreated cavities affected mainly by mother education, school type, family income, and regular dental appointments. Children with DMFT≤3) or DT = 0 recorded a statistically significant lower CPQ11-14 average score (p<0.01) and (p<0.0001) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Untreated carious cavities and caries experience were associated with lower socioeconomic, maternal education andl ess frequent tooth brushing. Untreated carious cavities have a significant negative impact on schoolchildren's QoL.

A Comparative Three-Dimensional Finite Element Study of Two Space Regainers in the Mixed Dentition Stage.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare the stress distribution and displacement that resulted from the use of a Gerber space regainer and sagittal distalizer using three-dimensional finite element analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three-dimensional simulated models of the appliances were developed using a software. The forces applied by the two appliances were 3N (tipping) and 15N (bodily), respectively. Displacement and von Mises stress on the compact and cancellous bone, periodontal ligament (PDL), crowns of the mandibular first, second permanent molars, and deciduous canines were calculated. Stress distribution and displacement values were measured via linear static analysis. RESULTS: Gerber space regainer showed greater displacement than that produced by the sagittal distalizer at the first permanent molar. However, such displacement was less at the other tested points when compared with that delivered by sagittal distalizer. The stresses created by Gerber appliance were higher in the crown and PDL of the deciduous canine than the crown of the first permanent molar crown. CONCLUSIONS: Gerber appliance generates more distal force and less stress concentration on the crown of the mandibular first permanent molar than that created by the sagittal distalizer. On the other hand, stress concentrations produced by Gerber space regainer are found to be more on the crown and PDL of the deciduous canine. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of Gerber appliance needs more anchorage.

Articaine efficacy and safety in young children below the age of four years: An equivalent parallel randomized control trial.

BACKGROUND: Pain control is a mandatory aspect in pediatric dentistry office through local anesthesia. AIM: To assess the safety and efficacy of 4% articaine local anesthetic in young children below four years old. DESIGN: An equivalent randomized control trial with two parallel arms included 184 young children (92 per group) aged from 36 to 47 months seeking pulpotomy of mandibular primary molars which performed after buccal infiltration injection. The control group received lidocaine hydrochloride 2% with epinephrine 1:100 000. The intervention was articaine hydrochloride 4% with epinephrine 1:100 000. Children's behavior during injection and treatment have assessed using Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) and child's behavior using Frankl Behavior Rating Scale (FBRS). In addition, post-operative complications have been addressed. RESULTS: Both anesthetic agents were equivalent during the injection phase. During the treatment phase, the absolute risk difference (ARR) between the two groups was 0.120 (95% CI: -0.003; 0.243). The maximum limit of 95% CI surpassed the margin of equivalence, indicating that less pain has been expressed during pulpotomy among children delivered articaine when compared to their counterparts in the lidocaine group. Concerning post-operative complications, no statistically significant difference was detected between the two anesthetic drugs. CONCLUSION: The findings supported the efficient and secure use of articaine hydrochloride 4% with epinephrine 1:100 000 to treat children between the ages of 3 and below 4 years old.

Allium sativum extract as an irrigant in pulpectomy of primary molars: A 12-month short-term evaluation.

This study indented to assess the clinical and radiographic assessment of Allium sativum extract as an intracanal irrigant for pulpectomy of primary molars. Ninety children with 110 teeth submitted were categorized into two groups. Clinical and radiographic success rates were checked at 3, 6, and 12 months. Qui-square test at a level of significance was ˂0.05. There was no statistically significant difference (p Ë‚ .05) between the two groups that has not been detected clinically or radiographically. Clinical and radiographic success rates of garlic extract at 3 months were (80% and 72.7%), which declined at 6 and 12 months to be 76.4% 6 and 74.5% respectively. For NaOCl group, clinical and radiographic success rates were 87.3% and 85.5% at 3 months, 87.3% and 87.3% at 6 months and 89.1% and 87.3% at 12 months. A. sativum extract can be used efficiently as an irrigant for pulpectomy of primary molar root canals.

Oral-cancer knowledge, practice, and attitude assessment of dentists in Upper Egypt: A cross-sectional study.

The aims of this study were to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of dentists in Upper Egypt with regard to oral cancer (OC). Out of 1,200 licensed dental practitioners list, 424 dentists were randomly selected from three governorates in Upper Egypt (Minia, Assuit, and Sohag). The sample size was calculated using the equation considering the knowledge of dentists about OC, confidence level, and margins of error; then, an additional number of dentists were added to guard against nonresponse. Data were collected by face-to-face interview using 44 items divided into four sections; first part demonstrates sociodemographic. The second part concerned with the knowledge about OC clinical presentation and diagnosis (12 multiple-choice questions) as well as its risk factors (17 close-end questions). The third part consists of six questions focused on the practice of participants, and finally, the last part measures attitude of dentists. The chi-square test was used to compare between the two or more proportions. A correlation was used for describing the relationship or association between two mutually numerical dependent variables. p < 0.05 was considered to indicate significance. Rate of response was 94.3%. The overall knowledge level in the current study was 31.8%. The awareness about OC risk factors was high especially, smoking tobacco and alcohol consumption. Also, over 80% of dentists identified family history and human papillomavirus (HPV) as risk factors. Only 37.5% of participants performed regular screening of oral mucosa, and 26.5% reported lymph-node examination. Regarding attitude, only one quarter of dentists attended continuing educating programs about OC. A statistically significant relation (p < 0.0001) between knowledge level and most demographic variables was detected. There was a fair positive correlation (r = 0.47) between practice and knowledge scores. A predominant trouble among dentists in Upper Egypt was regarding OC knowledge and practice. Continues education and training programs are highly recommended.